Some Inspiring Quotes on Failure

There are two kinds of failures: those who thought and never did, and those who did and never thought. - Laurence J. Peter
Remember the two benefits of failure. First, if you do fail, you learn what doesn’t work; and second, the failure gives you the opportunity to try a new approach.- Roger Von Oech
Courage is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm. – Winston Churchill
Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. – Winston Churchill
I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work. - Thomas Alva Edison
We learn wisdom from failure much more than from success. We often discover what will do, by finding out what will not do; and probably he who never made a mistake never made a discovery. - Samuel Smiles
It is a mistake to suppose that men succeed through success; they much oftener succeed through failures. Precept, study, advice, and example could never have taught them so well as failure has done. – Samuel Smiles
Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly. – Robert F. Kennedy
Life is to be lived, not controlled, and humanity is won by continuing to play in face of certain defeat. – Ralph Ellison
But there is suffering in life, and there are defeats. No one can avoid them. But it’s better to lose some of the battles in the struggles for your dreams than to be defeated without ever knowing what you’re fighting for. – Paulo Coelho
Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to er – Mohandas K. Gandhi
Life’s real failure is when you do not realize how close you were to success when you gave up.
Success builds character, failure reveals it - Dave Checkett
Try and fail, but don’t fail to try. – Stephen Kaggwa
The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure. - Sven Goran Eriksson
I’ve missed more than 9,000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life and that is why I succeed. – Michael Jordan
Failure is not falling down but refusing to get up. – Chinese Proverbs
A man may fall many times, but he won’t be a failure until he says that someone pushed him. – Elmer G. Letterman
To be wrong is nothing unless you continue to remember it – Confucius
If you’re not failing every now and again, it’s a sign you’re not doing anything very innovative. - Woody Allen
A life spent making mistakes is not only more honorable but more useful than a life spent in doing nothing. – George Bernard Shaw
Last but not least – If You‘ve Never Failed, You‘ve Never Lived

PosThomas Alva Edisont title here...

I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.

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c notes(advance pointers)

Subsections

·                     Pointers to Pointers

·                     Command line input

·                     Pointers to a Function

·                     Exercises

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Advanced Pointer Topics

We have introduced many applications and techniques that use pointers. We have introduced some advanced pointer issues already. This chapter brings together some topics we have briefly mentioned and others to complete our study C pointers.
In this chapter we will:

·                     Examine pointers to pointers in more detail.

·                     See how pointers are used in command line input in C.

·                     Study pointers to functions

Pointers to Pointers

We introduced the concept of a pointer to a pointer previously. You can have a pointer to a pointer of any type.
Consider the following:

char ch;  /* a character */

char *pch; /* a pointer to a character */

char **ppch; /* a pointer to a pointer to a character */

We can visualise this in Figure 11.1. Here we can see that **ppch refers to memory address of *pch which refers to the memory address of the variable ch. But what does this mean in practice?
 
Fig. 11.1 Pointers to pointers Recall that char * refers to a (NULL terminated string. So one common and convenient notion is to declare a pointer to a pointer to a string (Figure 11.2)
 
Fig. 11.2 Pointer to String Taking this one stage further we can have several strings being pointed to by the pointer (Figure 11.3)
 
Fig. 11.3 Pointer to Several Strings We can refer to individual strings by ppch[0], ppch[1], ..... Thus this is identical to declaring char *ppch[].
One common occurrence of this type is in C command line argument input which we now consider.

Command line input

C lets read arguments from the command line which can then be used in our programs.
We can type arguments after the program name when we run the program.
We have seen this with the compiler for example
   c89 -o prog prog.c
c89 is the program, -o prog prog.c the arguments.
In order to be able to use such arguments in our code we must define them as follows:
   main(int argc, char **argv)
So our main function now has its own arguments. These are the only arguments main accepts.

·                     argc is the number of arguments typed -- including the program name.

·                     argv is an array of strings holding each command line argument -- including the program name in the first array element.

A simple program example:

#include<stdio.h>

main (int argc, char **argv)

    { /* program to print arguments

                                from command line */

                                int i;

                                printf(``argc = %dnn'',argc);

                                for (i=0;i<argc;++i)

                                               printf(``argv[%d]: %sn'',

                                                              i, argv[i]);

                }

Assume it is compiled to run it as args.
So if we type:
   args f1 ``f2'' f3 4 stop!
The output would be:

   argc = 6

                argv[0] = args

                argv[1] = f1

                argv[2] = f2

                argv[3] = f3

                argv[4] = 4

                argv[5] = stop!

NOTE:  argv[0] is program name.

                 argc counts program name

                 Embedded `` '' are ignored.

                Blank spaces delimit end of arguments.

                Put blanks in `` '' if needed.

Pointers to a Function

 

Pointer to a function are perhaps on of the more confusing uses of pointers in C. Pointers to functions are not as common as other pointer uses. However, one common use is in a passing pointers to a function as a parameter in a function call. (Yes this is getting confusing, hold on to your hats for a moment).
This is especially useful when alternative functions maybe used to perform similar tasks on data. You can pass the data and the function to be used to some control function for instance. As we will see shortly the C standard library provided some basic sorting ( qsort) and searching (bsearch) functions for free. You can easily embed your own functions.
To declare a pointer to a function do:

int (*pf) ();

This simply declares a pointer *pf to function that returns and int. No actual function is pointed to yet.
If we have a function int f() then we may simply (!!) write:

pf = &f;

For compiler prototyping to fully work it is better to have full function prototypes for the function and the pointer to a function:

int f(int);

int (*pf) (int) = &f;

Now f() returns an int and takes one int as a parameter.
You can do things like:

ans = f(5);

ans = pf(5);

which are equivalent.
The qsort standard library function is very useful function that is designed to sort an array by a key value of any type into ascending order, as long as the elements of the array are of fixed type.
qsort is prototyped in (stdlib.h):

void qsort(void *base, size_t num_elements, size_t element_size,

   int (*compare)(void const *, void  const *));

The argument base points to the array to be sorted, num_elements indicates how long the array is, element_size is the size in bytes of each array element and the final argument compare is a pointer to a function.
qsort calls the compare function which is user defined to compare the data when sorting. Note that qsort maintains it's data type independence by giving the comparison responsibility to the user. The compare function must return certain (integer) values according to the comparison result:

less than zero

: if first value is less than the second value

zero

: if first value is equal to the second value

greater than zero

: if first value is greater than the second value

Some quite complicated data structures can be sorted in this manner. For example, to sort the following structure by integer key:

typedef struct {

        int   key;

                                                             struct other_data;

} Record;

We can write a compare function, record_compare:

int record\_compare(void const *a, void  const *a)

  {  return ( ((Record *)a)->key - ((Record *)b)->key );

  }

Assuming that we have an array of array_length Records suitably filled with date we can call qsort like this:

qsort( array, arraylength, sizeof(Record), record_compare);

Further examples of standard library and system calls that use pointers to functions may be found in Chapters 15.4 and 19.1.

Exercises

Exercise 12476
Write a program last that prints the last n lines of its text input. By default n should be 5, but your program should allow an optional argument so that

                       last -n

prints out the last n lines, where n is any integer. Your program should make the best use of available storage. (Input of text could be by reading a file specified from the command or reading a file from standard input)
Exercise 12477
Write a program that sorts a list of integers in ascending order. However if a -r flag is present on the command line your program should sort the list in descending order. (You may use any sorting routine you wish)
Exercise 12478
Write a program that reads the following structure and sorts the data by keyword using qsort

typedef struct {

        char   keyword[10];

                                                             int    other_data;

} Record;

Exercise 12479
An insertion sort is performed by adding values to an array one by one. The first value is simply stored at the beginning of the array. Each subsequent value is added by finding its ordered position in the array, moving data as needed to accommodate the value and inserting the value in this position.
Write a function called insort that performs this task and behaves in the same manner as qsort, i.e it can sort an array by a key value of any type and it has similar prototyping.

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Dave Marshall
1/5/1999 

decisions

I dont believe in taking right decisions,

I take decisions and then make it right.

Believe in yourself

CORRECT

Keep Correcting your Little Mistakes,

Because Nobody Slips down by Hills,

But just Slips by Little Stones

Attitude

"First We Make Our Attitude

Then

Our Attitude Make Us.."

TRYING TO PLEASE EVERYONE:

I don't have a formula for success.
But i have the formula for failure,
"TRYING TO PLEASE EVERYONE"

FEELINGS:

We Always feel bad that good things happen only to 'others' But we always forget that we are 'others' for someone else".

FRIEND:

"A faithful friend is the medicine of life."

CHANGE:

"Change your thoughts, and you change your world."

Quotation:

"Life is what we make it, always has been, always will be."

Vande Mataram!

Vande Mataram! Sujalam, Suphalam, Malayaja Shitalam, Shasyashyamalam, Mataram! Vande Mataram! Happy Republic Day!

built better future :

On this day think of our past and Try to built better future for all of us.. It is a duty of all of us!! I am proud to be an Indian.

sacrifice

thousands laid down their lives so that our country breath this day. never forget their sacrifice. Happy Republic day

PROUD TO BE INDIAN :

31 states 1618 languages 6400 castes 6 ethnic groups 29 festivals 1 COUNTRY, PROUD TO BE: INDIAN Happy Republic Day

GENERLIZATION

"ALL GENERLIZATIONS ARE FALSE INCLUDING THIS ONE"

VANDE MATARAM

FREEDOM IN THE MIND
FAITH IN THE WORDS
PRIDE IN OUR HEARTS AND MEMORIES IN SOULS..
LETS SELUTE THE NATION ONREPUBLIC DAY!
VANDE MATARAM